the most common term used by modern writers to denote whatever it is supposed to denote about the life of ancient Jews (Mason 2007, 461). The only occurrences in early texts other than Galatians are in 2 Macc. 2:21; 8:1; 14:38 (2x); and 4 Macc. 4:26. Ioudaïsmos in Maccabean Literature “… and the appearances that came from heaven to those who fought bravely for [Ioudaïsmos] …” (2 Macc. 2:21 NRSV) “… and enlisted those who had continued [memenēkotas] in [Ioudaïsmos] …” (2 Macc. 8:1 NRSV) “A certain
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